In a significant policy shift, the Indian government has decided to loosen the stringent sulphur emissions norms that have been in place for a majority of coal power plants. According to a government order, 79% of these plants will no longer need to install expensive flue-gas desulphurisation (FGD) systems. The decision mainly impacts plants located beyond 10 km from pollution hotspots.

A Tailored Approach to Compliance

While the majority have been given a pass, Category A plants, especially those near densely populated areas like Delhi, are expected to comply by December 2027. For Category B plants, the compliance pathway will be determined on a case-by-case basis. The flexibility introduced could be seen as a response to numerous industry concerns regarding feasibility and economic viability.

The Rationale Behind the Decision

This landmark decision follows extensive research conducted by the Central Pollution Control Board, which analyzed the impact of control measures on CO2 emissions. Recognizing technological and economic constraints, coupled with the challenges stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic, the government’s move aims to strike a balance between power production needs and environmental protection.

Expected Environmental Impact

As reported, the standards set in 2015 called for strict sulphur dioxide controls that, according to many in the industry, proved difficult to achieve. While the easing has drawn criticisms, supporters argue that the once-targeted standards may not have had the intended environmental benefits due to technology gaps and economic constraints.

Setting the Stage for Future Compliance

With Category C plants now exempt from these norms until 2029, the notification provides clarity on the expectations for the industry while ensuring environmental compensations for non-compliance. According to NDTV Profit, new plants are mandated to adhere to these revamped regulations post-2027. The decision ushers in a new era of environmental policy that could reshape India’s energy landscape.

The government’s review process includes provisions for environmental compensation charges. Any plants operating beyond new deadlines could face financial penalties, demonstrating a commitment to progressive yet lenient environmental standards. How this will affect India’s environmental agenda remains to be seen.